derogatory public record explained for consumers and landlords

What it is

A derogatory public record is a negative event filed with a court or government agency that can appear on credit, tenant, or employment background reports. Common examples include bankruptcies, tax liens, civil judgments, and eviction filings. Because these items are public, screening services can lawfully index them, but rules limit how long they may be reported.

How it flows into reports

Courts create the record; data brokers collect it; consumer reporting agencies match it to your identity using name, address, and sometimes SSN fragments. Mismatches are possible, especially with common names, so review reports closely.

Timing and removal

Most items age off after set periods, and inaccurate data can be disputed under the FCRA. Paid or vacated judgments should be updated to reflect their status.

• Bankruptcy: typically up to 10 years, depending on chapter.
• Civil judgment: reportable up to 7 years from filing or judgment.
• Eviction record: filings may show even without a lockout.

What you can do

Request reports, document outcomes, and dispute errors in writing. Keep copies of court orders and receipts; if necessary, add a brief consumer statement for context.